While computing technologies have remained relatively stable for nearly two decades, new architectural features, such as specialized hardware, heterogeneous cores, deep memory hierarchies, and near-memory processing, have emerged as possible solutions to address the concerns of energy-efficiency, manufacturability, and cost. However, we expect this ‘golden age’ of architectural change to lead to extreme heterogeneity and it will have a major impact on software systems and applications. In this upcoming exascale and extreme heterogeneity era, it will be critical to explore new software approaches that will enable us to effectively exploit this diverse hardware to advance science, the next-generation systems with heterogeneous elements will need to accommodate complex workflows. This is mainly due to the many forms of heterogeneous accelerators (no longer just GPU accelerators) in this heterogeneous era, and the need of mapping different parts of an application onto elements most appropriate for that application component.